Summary Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which […]
Summary The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and […]
Abstract Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and […]

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Abstract Introduction Hospital deductions are predominantly costs that are spent by the hospital, but are not funded and reimbursed. The deductions are 10-30% of the hospital income, of which more than 20% of these deductions […]

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Abstract One of the important challenges of every nation is vitamin A deficiency which has serious side effects in children. There are approximately 8.2 million children age 2-4 suffering from clinical vitamin A deficiency. According […]
HERC

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Abstract Background Aiming to enhance quality of care and increase efficiency, public hospitals have undergone several reforms in the course of last two decades in Iran. This paper reports the result of a national research […]

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Abstract Background Building upon decades of continuous reforms, Iran has been implementing various initiatives to reach universal health coverage (UHC). Improving efficiency is a crucial intermediate policy objective for UHC. Therefore, this article aimed to measure […]

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Abstract Background Insufficient transparency in prioritization of health services, multiple health insurance organizations with various and not-aligned policies, plus limited resources to provide comprehensive health coverage are among the challenges to design appropriate Health Insurance […]

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Abstract Objectives To achieve sustainable health development, health systems need to constantly enhance their efficiency, through for instance reducing waste of resources. This study aimed to measure the efficiency in producing health in Upper Middle-Income […]

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Abstract Background: Social issues have always been a topic of discussion for human societies. But the fact that each sub-system of the bigger social system can result in social issues has usually been neglected. This […]