Abstract Groundwater is a viable alternative when access to surface water resources is limited. Iron and manganese are known ions in soil and naturally in groundwater sources. However, human activities also are responsible. To identifying […]
Background The structure of the Iranian health system has raised this hypothesis that a part of the Knee Replacement Surgery (KRS) services are provided due to Physician-Induced Demand (PID). Methods This paper used an unbalanced […]
Abstract Due to the sanctions imposed by the USA government upon the Iranian health system, achieving the UHC might face some financial problems. This study aimed to make the best solution for the Iran health […]
Objective Sendai Framework is an international disaster risk reduction strategy that helps prioritization of disaster risk governance in all policies, strategies, and programs. Considering its geographical location and topographic characteristics, Iran experiences numerous hazards. Natural […]
Background This study aimed to measure the efficiency and productivity of tobacco control policies across 16 selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2008 to 2014. Methods Data envelopment analysis was used […]
Summary Access to an improved water supply is essential for health. The water safety plan (WSP) approach developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) can provide safe drinking water. This study evaluated the progress of […]
Abstract Humic acids are natural organic substances that are produced as a result of biological and geochemical reactions in environment and are known as one of the main precursors of disinfectant by-products (DBPs). New types […]
Background Deciding on pharmaceutical subsidy is regarded as a challenging issue for healthcare policymakers in Iran in most times. Public preferences, rarely attended in Iran, could be invaluable for including a particular drug in the […]
Abstract This study aimed to identifying the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw and treated wastewater during the COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Qom and Anzali cities (Iran). From three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 28 treated […]
Background Stakeholders are responsible for managing the risks of disasters. Hence, appropriate, collaborative, timely interactions of involved organizations, and having a collective view of these interactions, have an important influence on the operation of the […]
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